Roberto Schwarz, born in Vienna in 1938, grew up in Sao Paulo, studying there and later in the United States and France. His books in English include "Two Girls," "Misplaced Ideas: Essays on Brazilian Culture" and "A Master on the Periphery of Capitalism," the central component of his study of Machado. Francis Mulhern is Associate Editor of "New Left Review." His books include "The Moment of "Scrutiny"," "Culture/Metaculture" and the edited collection "Lives on the Left: Interviews with New Left Review."