The Philippines is the world's largest exporter of temporary contract labor with a huge 800,000 workers a year being deployed on either six month or two year contracts. This labor migration is highly regulated by the government, private, and non-governmental/non-private organizations. Tyner argues that migrants are socially constructed, or 'made' by these parties and that migrants in turn become political resources. Employing a post-structural feminist perspective Tyner questions the very ontology of migration.
Upon competition of a ten year research project which analyzes the effect of air pollution and death rates in US cities, Lester B. Lave and Eugene P. Seskin conclude that the mortality rate in the US could shrink by seven percent with a similar if not greater decline in disease incidence if industries followed EPA regulations in cutting back on certain pollutant emissions. The authors claim that this reduction is sufficient to add one year to average life expectancy. Originally published in 1977.