This collection presents new analyses for the nature and scale of Roman agriculture. It outlines the fundamental features of agricultural production through studying the documentary and archaeological evidence for the modes of land exploitation and the organisation, development of, and investment in this sector. The Roman Agricultural Economy contains wide-ranging and high-quality scholarship that, on the one hand, reflects the focus of current investigations and, on the other, provides fruitful material for future research. This balance renders it a welcome addition to scholarship on the Roman economy, and a worthy successor in the OXREP series.