Gemology is a branch of mineralogy that deals with the science of natural and artificial gemstone materials. Gemologists use the physical and optical properties of gemstones to categorize and identify their origins, with spectroscopy being a key tool in their arsenal. Mineralogists, gemologists and gem laboratories around the world require ever more advanced equipment and experience to face new challenges such as treatments to gems, new synthetics, and other new materials.

This collection highlights gems identification and analysis using spectroscopic techniques. It also includes the exciting applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies that are being developed and used to enhance the efficiency of identification and analysis techniques. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy applications are discussed in separate chapters. Ruby stone grading stone using optical tomography is the theme of another chapter. Chapters introduce the relevant theoretical concepts and present typical experimental methodologies with a focus on gemological applications and include experimental results and potential for future developments. A reader-friendly approach has been adopted throughout the book and basics of techniques have been included wherever appropriate. It provides a unique addition to the knowledge base in view of emerging applications of spectroscopic and information techniques in gemology. It not only suits the need of novice researchers but also intends to connect the experts to the state of the art in spectroscopic technology and associated machine learning applications.