Climate change has led to a serious public health crisis, necessitating urgent research and strategic interventions to understand and mitigate associated health risks. This book compiles research on One Health, extreme heat, air pollution, transgenesis, water dynamics, and plastic pollution. One Health, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, is analyzed alongside training and competency development in European countries. India's fight against the sweltering heat is highlighted. By 2050, heatwave exposure is expected to increase eightfold, posing a significant threat to livelihoods, food security, and public health. The book examines measures to enhance public health systems, enhance urban planning, and ensure access to cooling and water resources. Air pollution contributes to the development of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Pollution measures and their alignment with health policies are examined. Trangenics, including Golden Rice and insulin-producing bacteria, are explored as bioengineered solutions balancing innovation with ethical responsibility. A PRISMA review analyzes the impact of coastal water dynamics, pollution patterns, and health outcomes in coastal communities. Marine plastic pollution, particularly microplastics, poses a significant threat to marine environments and contaminates oceans, freshwater sources, and the food chain. The accumulation of microplastics in human tissues raises concerns about the development of chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular problems. Sources, pathways, and solutions are explored to support coordinated global action to prevent plastic pollution. This research, which spans both developed and developing countries, would be of interest to the academic community, public health scholars, climate change researchers, and policymakers, among others.