Josephine S. Jackson is an academic-practitioner, working in both defense policy and academia. She was recently an associate lecturer in Foundation History and International Relations at the University of St Andrews in St Andrews, Scotland. She continues to be involved with the Centre for Global Law and Governance and the Institute for Middle East, Central Asia, and Caucasus Studies, both at the University of St Andrews. Her research areas include U.S. and U.K. foreign policy and national security; the Middle East and North Africa regions; international criminal law (including genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and aggression); Responsibility to Protect (R2P); international humanitarian law; and ethical governance of artificial intelligence and Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). She is a Truman National Security Fellow and a mentor for the Carnegie Council for Ethics and International Affairs' Carnegie Ethics Fellows.