Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) was first reported in the biomedical literature as a toxicant/pollutant and for decades it remained an agent solely of toxicological interest. More recently, H₂S was shown to be produced by mammalian tissues. The present book summarizes the basic principles of H₂S chemistry and biology and extends to the most recent breakthroughs in the field, bringing the reader up to date with developments on this gasotransmitter. The chapters from expert contributors are organised into 4 themed parts: biochemistry, signaling and physiological roles of H₂S, targeting H₂S in the central and peripheral nervous systems, cardiac, renal and vascular actions of H₂S, and biological roles and translational potential of H₂S in other systems. This book will appeal to researchers and scholars of biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology, as well as general readers with an interest in the biological actions of gaseous mediators. The chapter "The Role of H2S in Atherosclerosis and Associated Cardiometabolic Comorbidities" is available open access under the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.