This book provides new insights in the role that biotechnology and human enhancement will play in the following years to come. Based on the experience and know-how of recognized scientists worldwide, a paradigm shift in advanced technologies is highlighted, merging academic and specialized research centers. Indeed, biotechnology and human enhancement play an essential role in emerging fields such as biosensing, medical technologies, and synthetic biology. These technologies are significant for several cross-disciplinary research activities ranging from medicine to electronics. The book promotes a visionary idea that will establish a more vital collaboration to help track down a roadmap for bringing innovative and breakthrough applications to address the key and emerging challenges for the upcoming years. The book is intended to offer a comprehensive overview for both students and experienced researchers about the main research activities developed in recent years that will help realize a more sustainable approach in modern bio-related applications.