The global automotive industry is undergoing a profound transformation, with electric vehicles (EVs) at the forefront of this revolution. As concerns about climate change and air pollution intensify, governments worldwide are implementing stringent emissions regulations and offering incentives to accelerate the adoption of EVs. This shift towards electrification is not only reshaping the automotive landscape but also creating new challenges and opportunities in the realm of energy infrastructure and business models . Understanding the intricate relationship between EV user charging behavior, infrastructure planning, and emerging business models is crucial for the successful transition to a sustainable transportation future.