Salvador de Madariaga (1886-1978), a Spaniard, was an engineer, journalist, diplomat, novelist, poet, and historian who wrote more than twenty books. Twice nominated for the Nobel Prize--once for his contributions to literature, and once for his contributions to peace--Madariaga served as chairman of the Council of the League of Nations and Spanish ambassador to the United States. He was a professor at Oxford University and co-authored the famous Oxford Manifesto on liberalism. Madariaga won the Charlemagne Prize for his work on European unification in 1973.