In a period defined by quick urbanisation, climate change, and social movements, the Mediterranean region and landscape emerge not as a static relic of the past but as a dynamic laboratory for resilient adaptation. This volume brings together diverse global perspectives to bridge the gap between ecological conservation, digital tools and documentation, and social equity. From the urban and rural areas of Spain to the post-war neighbourhoods of Syria, these studies confront the modern challenges of "eco-poverty" and dispossession while proposing actionable frameworks for sustainable management. As key themes of this book, we could note: resilience and adaptation, showing different strategies for climate-responsive academic design, traditional irrigation conservation, and blue-green infrastructure; digital challenges, expressing the role of GIS modelling, satellite "counter-archives," and AI in corporate entrepreneurship; and social justice, addressing educational poverty, subjective well-being, and the "eco-spatial" integration of marginalized groups and geographic peripheries. This is a key resource for decision-makers, environmentalists, urbanists and architects, academics, and practitioners seeking to improve territories, cities, and regions from a site of negative extraction into a landscape and community of belonging.